Parichay: Pani Ka Samjhauta Jo Desh Ki Taqdeer Ban Gaya
Indus Water Treaty (IWT) ek aisa samjhauta hai jo 1960 se Bharat aur Pakistan ke beech paani ke vitaran ko lekar ek vishwas ka pratik raha hai. Yeh samjhauta dono deshon ke beech paani ke srot ko shanti aur samjhote ke saath baantne ka ek misaal hai.
Indus Water Treaty Kya Hai?
1951-1960: Pichhle Pariprekshya aur Vartalaap
1947 mein Bharat aur Pakistan ke vibhajan ke baad, Indus basin ke paani ko lekar dono deshon ke beech tanav badhne laga. Is samasya ka samadhan nikalne ke liye, World Bank ki madad se 1960 mein IWT sign ki gayi.
1960 Mein Sign Hone Wala Agreement
19 September 1960 ko, Bharat ke Pradhan Mantri Jawaharlal Nehru aur Pakistan ke President Ayub Khan ne Karachi mein is treaty par hastakshar kiye. Is samjhaute ke tahat, Indus basin ki chhe nadiyon ka paani dono deshon ke beech vibhajit kiya gaya.
Kaun Kaunsi Nadiyan Hain Treaty Mein Shamil?
Indus basin ki chhe mukhya nadiyan hain: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, aur Sutlej.
- Eastern Rivers (India’s Rights): Ravi, Beas, aur Sutlej ka adhikar Bharat ko diya gaya.
- Western Rivers (Pakistan’s Rights): Indus, Jhelum, aur Chenab ka adhikar Pakistan ko mila, lekin Bharat ko kuch seemit upyog ki anumati hai.
Treaty Ka Structure Aur Rights
IWT ke tahat, dono deshon ke beech ek Permanent Indus Commission (PIC) ka gathan hua, jo har saal meeting karke paani ke vitaran aur samasyaon par charcha karta hai.
India vs Pakistan: Water Sharing Ke Mudde
Bharat ne kai baar Pakistan par aarop lagaya hai ki woh cross-border terrorism ko badhava deta hai, jabki Pakistan ne Bharat ke dam projects par apatti jatayi hai. Yeh mudde kai baar treaty ke implementation ko prabhavit karte rahe hain.
Controversies and Disputes: 2016 Uri Attack Ke Baad Ka Pressure
2016 ke Uri attack ke baad, Bharat ne IWT ko lekar apna rukh kathor kiya. Pradhan Mantri Narendra Modi ne kaha, “Rakt aur paani ek saath nahi beh sakte.” Iske baad se, Bharat ne Pakistan ke saath paani ke vitaran ko lekar kai baar apatti jatayi hai.
Recent Updates (2023-2025): Treaty Challenge & Review
2024 mein, Bharat ne Pakistan ko ek notice bhejkar IWT ke punarvichar ki maang ki. Bharat ka kehna hai ki yeh treaty aaj ke samay ke liye prabhavi nahi hai, aur isme parivartan ki avashyakta hai.
International Role: World Bank Ka Involvement
World Bank, jo is treaty ka mediator hai, ne dono deshon ke beech samasyaon ko suljhane mein madad ki hai. Lekin aaj ke samay mein, iski bhoomika par bhi sawal uth rahe hain.
Strategic Significance for India
Bharat ke liye, IWT ek strategic tool hai. Iske madhyam se, Bharat Pakistan par pressure bana sakta hai, khas kar jab cross-border terrorism jaise mudde samne aate hain.
Environmental Impact & Climate Concerns
Climate change ke chalte, Indus basin mein paani ki uplabdhata par prabhav pad raha hai. Glaciers ke pighalne aur monsoon ke pattern mein badlav ke chalte, dono deshon ke liye paani ki samasya badh rahi hai.
FAQs Related to Indus Water Treaty
Q1: Indus Water Treaty kya hai?
A1: Yeh ek samjhauta hai jo Bharat aur Pakistan ke beech 1960 mein sign hua tha, jisme Indus basin ki nadiyon ka paani vibhajit kiya gaya.
Q2: Is treaty ka mukhya uddeshya kya hai?
A2: Dono deshon ke beech paani ke vitaran ko lekar shanti aur samjhota banaye rakhna.
Q3: Kya Bharat is treaty ko khatam kar sakta hai?
A3: Treaty ke Article XII ke tahat, dono deshon ki sahmati se hi isme parivartan ya samapti ho sakti hai.
Q4: Is treaty ka Pakistan par kya prabhav hai?
A4: Pakistan ki krishi aur paani ki avashyaktaon ka mukhya srot Indus basin ki nadiyan hain, isliye yeh treaty uske liye atyant mahatvapurn hai.
Q5: Kya climate change is treaty ko prabhavit kar raha hai?
A5: Haan, climate change ke chalte paani ki uplabdhata aur nadiyon ke flow pattern mein badlav aa raha hai, jo treaty ke implementation ko prabhavit kar raha hai.
Conclusion: Pani Ka Politics Aur Peace Ka Pressure
Indus Water Treaty ek misaal hai ki kaise do desh, jo anya muddon par matbhed rakhte hain, paani jaise mahatvapurn srot ko shanti aur samjh
Sources & Reference Links
- Indus Waters Treaty 1960 – Official Text (UN Treaty Collection)
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTs/Volume%20419/volume-419-I-6032-English.pdf - Indus Waters Treaty – Ministry of External Affairs, India
https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl%2F6439%2FIndus= - World Bank – Indus Waters Treaty Fact Sheet
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/10/17/world-bank-makes-appointments-under-indus-waters-treaty - Reuters – What is the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan?
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/what-is-indus-waters-treaty-between-india-pakistan-2025-04-24/ - The Guardian – India and Pakistan closer to conflict over Kashmir attack
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/24/india-pakistan-summons-kashmir-attack - The Economic Times – Indus Water Treaty: Can India really turn off the Indus tap for Pakistan?
https://m.economictimes.com/news/new-updates/indus-water-treaty-can-india-really-turn-off-the-indus-tap-for-pakistan/articleshow/120575133.cms - Al Jazeera – Kashmir attack: Does India’s Indus Waters Treaty freeze threaten Pakistan?
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/4/24/kashmir-attack-does-indias-indus-waters-treaty-freeze-threaten-pakistan - India Today – How India’s suspension of Indus Waters Treaty may cause power crisis in Pak
https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-power-supply-crisis-indus-waters-treaty-suspended-2713659-2025-04-24 - The Times of India – ‘Every drop is ours by right’: Pakistan reacts to suspension of Indus Waters Treaty by India
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/every-drop-is-ours-by-right-pakistan-reacts-to-suspension-of-indus-waters-treaty-by-india/articleshow/120580705.cms - Wikipedia – Indus Waters Treaty
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty
